Detail introduction of transceivers

Full name of different form factor：

GBIC: Gigabit Interface Converter

SFF: Small Form Factor

SFP: Small Form-factor Pluggable，

SFP+: Enhanced Small Form Factor Pluggable Module

XFP: 10G Small Form Factor Pluggable

QSFP+: Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus

CXP: 120G 12x Small Form Factor Pluggable

CFP: 100G Small Form Factor Pluggable

AOC: Active optical cable

ACC: Active copper cable

PCC: Passive copper cable

Transmission distance：

SR: Multimode short range。62.5μm-275m，50μm-550m

LR: long range，standard distance 10Km

ER: standard distance 40Km

ZR: standard distance 80Km

The internal structure of transceiver

Different connectors:

Optical device

VCSEL

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser), developed to GaAs semiconductor material, has the advantages of small size, circular output beam, single longitudinal mode, small threshold current, low price, easy to be set in large area array etc., widely used in optical communication, optical interconnection, optical storage and other fields. Mainly used in multimode 850 wave long short distance communication.

FP laser

FP laser is a semiconductor light-emitting device with FP cavity as resonant cavity and emitting multiple longitudinal mode coherent light. Characteristics of such devices, large output optical power, small divergence angle, narrow spectrum, high modulation rate, suitable for long-distance communications. Mainly for single mode 1310 wavelength long distance communication.

DFB laser

DFB laser is considered by grating optical device of the device is only one longitudinal mode based on FP laser on the characteristics of such devices, big output power, small divergence angle, narrow spectrum, high modulation rate, suitable for long distance communication. Mainly for 1310, 1550 wavelength long distance communication.

EML laser

Electro absorption modulated laser (EML) is an electro absorption modulator (EAM) and DFB laser (LD) integrated device, by using quantum confinement effect of Stark (QCSE) the electro absorption modulator and the grating coupling determine the high performance optical wavelength DFB laser integrated with small volume, low wavelength chirp

TEC

Semiconductor cooler (Thermoelectric Cooler), the use of semiconductor materials made of Perle effect.

The photoelectric detector is the device of optical signals into electrical signals, using two kinds of photoelectric detector in optical fiber communication system, namely the photodiode (PIN) tube and avalanche photodiode (APD).

PIN detector

PIN detector is a common layer photodiode based on the depletion layer of the device, it has a high quantum efficiency, low dark current, high response speed, low operating bias, no multiplication effect characteristics.

APD detector

Avalanche photodiode is a kind of electron hole pair excited by high bias voltage to accelerate the photon collision, and two electron hole pairs collide to form a photomultiplier. It has high quantum efficiency, high response and multiplication effect.

Is the working mechanism of APD photodiode: photogenerated hole electron of high electric field in high speed APD optical diode, through impact ionization effect in the process of movement, the number is the first electron hole pair two times, three times the new electron hole several times, thus forming a large current signal light. APD is widely used in large capacity and long distance optical fiber communication.

 TIA

For converting external current to voltage. Typical applications include sensor measurements using optical diodes and other current outputs.

TOSA

Function: to realize the electro-optic conversion of the electrical signal to the optical signal. In optical fiber communication as light source and transmitter.

Appearance

Principle

From the products used in the optical communication field, its function is to convert the complete electrical signal to the optical signal. In this system, mainly including LD, PD chip, non spherical lens, optical isolator and single-mode fiber. From the input signal to drive the LD chip light emitting; optical signal by non spherical lens coupled to a single-mode fiber.

From the LD chip to realize the electro-optical conversion, PD chip LD chip to monitor the optical power, monitoring the operation. Non spherical lens as an optical component, play the role of optical focus. Ensure that the light isolator one-way transmission, eliminate light reflection.

ROSA

Function: photoelectric conversion function realization of optical signal to electrical signal. As detectors and receivers in optical fiber communications.

Appearance

Principle

The fiber output light signal through the lens cap TO to PD on the photosensitive surface, the current PD signal generated by the transimpedance amplifier (TIA) amplification of the output voltage signal to the external circuit.

BOSA

Function: to achieve a single fiber multiplexing downlink optical signal.

Appearance

*          

Principle

By emitting a light signal provided by LD TO, the TO signal through the emission cap convergence, through WDM filter, coupled into optical fiber.

By receiving the optical signal from the optical fiber WDM filter, to reflection, after receiving the TO lens cap to the receiving chip on the photosensitive surface.

Application for P2P/EPON/GPON network

DWDM (sub L band and C band)

L band from 1610.06~1564.68 each septum 0.8nm, including 54

C band from 1563.86~1530.33 each septum 0.8nm, including 45

CWDM (1270-1610 each interval 20nm, including 18 bands)

The different wavelength has different loss

The 1380nm near the hydroxide particle absorption, fiber loss increased sharply, commonly known as water peak

The ITU-T band single-mode fiber over 1260nm E, divided O, S, C, L, U band

Easy to see that, in the 6 bands, C band and L band have minimum loss

Optical module protocol:

Digital Diagnostic Monitoring

Remote monitoring module to ensure the normal operation of modules, when abnormal, the system administrator can find some potential problems and fault location.

5 real-time measurement parameters for DDM monitoring are:

Eye Diagram

Where is the transceiver module used?

Optical modules are widely used in switches, routers, server network cards and other devices.

1) based on the algorithm set switch, router brand: CISCO, HP, H3C, LUCENT...

2 with special set of switches, router brands: EXTREME, NORTEL, ALCATEL, 3COM, BROCADE...

3) other switches: HUAWEI, ZTE, etc.

Application of optical module

Synchronous network (SDH/SONET): mainly used for backbone network transmission

SDH signal standard rate rating: STM-1 is 155.52M, STM-4 is 622.08M, STM-16 is 2488.32M, STM-64 is 9.953.28M, STM-256 is 40G. SONET rate rating: OC3, OC12, OC48, OC192, etc..SONET is used in North America and Japan, SDH is used in China and Europe. Main standard agreement: ITU-T series standard.

Fiber channel (Fibre Channel): primarily for optical storage networks.

1.0625G/2.125G/4.25G/8.5G/10.52G/14.025G/28.05G, the main standard agreement is: FC-PI-1, FC-PI-5, etc..

Ethernet (Ethernet): access network most commonly used network solutions, transmission rate Name: 100BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX, 10GBASE-EX, etc.. Contains speed: 125M, 1.25G, 10.3125G, etc..